Condition
Migraine
Migraine causes repeated attacks of moderate to severe throbbing head pain, often on one side. Attacks can last 4 to 72 hours and may bring nausea and sensitivity to light and noise. About 12% of people in the US have migraines, and adult women get them three times more often than men.
Common options
- Tracking and avoiding your triggers, and keeping regular meals, fluids and sleep.
- Regular exercise, plus weight loss for people with obesity.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medicines for milder attacks.
- Prescription rescue medicines, such as triptans, taken when an attack starts.
- Preventive medicines for frequent attacks, such as certain anticonvulsants, beta-blockers or antidepressants.
- Biofeedback and relaxation training to help manage pain and stress.
When to see a doctor
- Your headaches happen two or more times a week or disrupt daily life.
- You take headache medicine more than three times a week.
- Get emergency care for a sudden, severe "worst" headache, especially with a stiff neck, confusion, weakness or double vision.
- Get emergency care for a headache with fever, numbness, seizures or shortness of breath, or one that follows a head injury.
Research studies
Researchers are studying how migraine starts in the brain, including the role of genes and certain brain chemicals. A clinical study is one option you can discuss with your doctor.
See migraine studies recruiting near you →
Plan your next appointment: Questions for your doctor